mars probe launch mission overview

Mars Exploration Mission: First, launch a Mars probe equipped with high-resolution cameras, spectrometers, and other devices to conduct comprehensive orbital exploration of Mars, map detailed surface maps, analyze the composition of the Martian atmosphere, and provide data support for subsequent missions. Mars Orbiter Operation Mission: The orbiter continuously operates in the Martian orbit, maintaining communication with Earth, real-time transmission of Mars data, and long-term monitoring of Mars, such as monitoring meteorological changes and surface feature changes. Mars Lander Landing Mission: Based on the data provided by the probe, select an appropriate landing site and launch the lander. The lander is equipped with life detection instruments, geological sampling equipment, etc., to softly land on the Martian surface and carry out preliminary ground exploration, such as collecting soil and rock samples, and detecting signs of microbial life. Mars Surface Exploration Mission: Subsequent dispatch of Mars rovers to conduct extensive mobile exploration on the Martian surface, further in-depth research on Mars' geological structure, searching for water resources, and transmitting data back to Earth and the Mars orbiter. Astronaut Survival Support Mission: When the technology is mature, launch a manned spacecraft to send astronauts to Mars. Establish a life support system in the Mars base, including oxygen generation, water recycling, food cultivation, etc., to ensure that astronauts can survive and conduct scientific research on Mars for a long time. Each mission is closely linked, with the previous mission providing necessary information and foundation for the next, forming a complete and orderly mission chain. (III) Timeline Arrangement The plan is to initiate the Mars probe launch mission in 2030. The probe is expected to reach the Martian orbit after a 7-8 month flight and conduct orbital exploration for 2 years. The Mars lander will be launched in 2033, with preliminary ground exploration lasting for 1 year after landing. The Mars rover will be launched in 2035, conducting mobile exploration on the Martian surface for 3-5 years. Around 2040, based on the results of previous missions and technological developments, attempt to launch a manned spacecraft to Mars and gradually establish a Mars scientific research base. The entire timeline considers the current development speed of space technology and the preparation time and execution duration required for related missions, making it reasonable. II. Scientific and Rationality (I) Scientific Basis Mars has a complex geographical environment with various terrains such as mountains, canyons, and plains, a thin atmosphere mainly composed of carbon dioxide. Based on these characteristics, in the design of probes and Mars rovers, walking mechanisms adapted to complex terrains and communication and energy utilization technologies for the carbon dioxide atmosphere environment are adopted. For example, Mars rovers are equipped with special wheels to handle rugged terrain, and probes use solar panels combined with carbon dioxide in the Martian atmosphere for energy conversion to maintain equipment operation. At the same time, according to Mars' climatic conditions, such as cold nights and frequent dust storms, thermal insulation and dustproof measures are designed for landers and the Mars base. These designs are based on Mars scientific research results, ensuring the scientific nature of the plan.